Scientists Develop New Actuator for Soft Robots That Withstands Extreme Conditions

Scientists have made a significant advancement by developing a new actuator for soft robots that exhibits impressive characteristics capable of withstanding temperatures ranging from -40°C to 120°C, along with low pressure. This actuator has successfully passed tests in the stratosphere at altitudes exceeding 23 kilometers, opening up new possibilities for the utilization of such robots in space environments.

This information was reported by Interesting Engineering, which provides a detailed account of the research findings. The researchers focused on creating an actuator that allows soft robots to operate in conditions where traditional components quickly fail due to sharp temperature and pressure fluctuations. This is particularly relevant for environments similar to the stratosphere or outer space.

The foundation of this new development is a specially treated silicone elastomer that retains its flexibility while being capable of enduring extreme conditions. Soft robots, due to their lightweight, flexibility, and safety, are considered promising for the aviation industry and high-altitude research, as they can safely interact with fragile equipment.

This new actuator belongs to the category of dielectric elastomer actuators, which convert electrical energy into mechanical motion. They are already widely used in soft robotics, but their previous weak point was unreliability in challenging conditions. The researchers addressed this issue by employing a new method for bonding molecules within the material.

Specifically, ultraviolet light and a platinum catalyst were used to create stronger bonds in the silicone. This approach significantly enhanced the material's resistance to stress and temperature fluctuations. In laboratory conditions, the new material demonstrated functionality at temperatures ranging from -40°C to 120°C and under conditions of nearly complete vacuum, simulating the upper layers of the atmosphere or outer space.

Following laboratory tests, the actuator was integrated into soft robotic grippers, which were then tested during flights on balloons. These systems successfully operated in the stratosphere at altitudes exceeding 23 kilometers, where extremely low pressure and cold temperatures prevail. The results of the experiments indicate that such actuators can reliably function in conditions close to those of space, opening new horizons for the use of soft robots in high-altitude research and space missions.

The researchers also expressed hope that this approach could be applied to other silicone materials to enhance their strength and compatibility with 3D printing technology. This could further expand the potential applications of soft robots across various fields, including space exploration.