Scientists Develop New Theory on Black Hole Information Paradox

Scientists from various universities worldwide have joined forces to create a new theory concerning the long-standing information paradox of black holes. According to their research, black holes never completely disappear; instead, they transform into ultra-dense stable relics capable of preserving information about all the matter that has been absorbed.

The team of physicists presented a model in which Hawking radiation ceases at the final stage. This phenomenon occurs due to the geometric properties of spacetime, allowing the retention of data about all consumed matter. "The black hole information paradox is one of the most significant challenges in modern theoretical physics, as it calls into question the compatibility of quantum mechanics and general relativity," the authors of the study noted.

The foundation of this development is based on the Einstein-Cartan theory, which, unlike the classical model, takes into account torsion or twisting of the fabric of the universe. The researchers modeled processes in a seven-dimensional space using the mathematical framework of G2-manifolds. As a result, it was discovered that upon reaching Planck-scale density, torsion generates a powerful repulsive force.

"The existence of a repulsive force at Planck densities dynamically halts the final stage of Hawking radiation," the scientists explained. This means that instead of complete annihilation, a black hole stabilizes in the form of relics, with a mass of approximately 9×10⁻⁴¹ kg.

The preservation of quantum information in such objects occurs through a system of quasi-normal modes—specific vibrations of the twisting field that resemble the resonance of a bell after being struck. Each such oscillation becomes a carrier of data, transforming the remnants of a black hole into a gigantic storage facility. Calculations show that a relic formed from a collapsar with a mass similar to that of our Sun can hold approximately 1.515×10⁷⁷ qubits of information. This "prevents the complete disappearance of the black hole and resolves the paradox without violating fundamental physical principles."

The most unexpected result emerged when simplifying this seven-dimensional model to our familiar four dimensions. It turned out that the twisting field naturally yields an energy scale of 246 GeV. This number perfectly coincides with the parameters of the Higgs field, which is responsible for the presence of mass in all elementary particles. Thus, the physics that prevents black holes from evaporating is directly linked to the mechanism of mass generation in our universe.

As of today, direct verification of this theory at accelerators such as the Large Hadron Collider is not possible, as the mass of the particles predicted by the model is around 8.6×10¹⁵ GeV. However, the scientists do not consider their work to be a mere abstraction. Gravitational traces of such microscopic remnants of black holes could become the subject of future astrophysical observations. If these "quantum safes" indeed exist in space, they could not only resolve an old paradox but also provide a key to unifying gravity with the micro-world of elementary particles.