American Scientists Create Air-Based Artificial Muscles That Allow Robots to Lift Up to 100 Times Their Own Weight Without Heavy Motors or External Power Sources

American scientists from Arizona State University have introduced a revolutionary technology—air-based artificial muscles that can lift up to 100 times their own weight. This achievement has been made possible through a new approach that does not require heavy motors or external power sources, making robots more autonomous and efficient.

The research detailing this development has been published in the prestigious scientific journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The project is led by graduate student Eric Weissman, who, along with his team, has created muscles that mimic the natural mechanisms of contraction and expansion, similar to the muscles found in living organisms. These new muscles have proven to be lighter, more flexible, and more powerful compared to previous analogs.

The new actuators developed by the team are designed in the form of small tubes twisted into a spiral, resembling pasta. They require only a small amount of air to operate, which causes them to compress and expand. This allows for the creation of robots that can move independently without the need for connection to external power sources, as well as carry everything necessary to perform their tasks.

Unlike traditional robots that use electric motors, which are often bulky and less maneuverable, the new artificial muscles make machines more agile and virtually silent. They are capable of operating in extreme conditions, such as high temperatures or the presence of abrasive materials, enabling them to overcome various obstacles.

The developers note that these new robots could be utilized in rescue operations, particularly for locating people trapped under debris. Thanks to their flexibility, they can navigate narrow spaces without causing harm to the surrounding environment. Additionally, such robots could be beneficial in home settings, assisting elderly individuals with daily tasks.

The technology also holds significant potential in agriculture, industry, and medicine. Scientists have already created a robotic arm that operates on the principle of an elephant's trunk, capable of easily navigating around obstacles, as well as a wearable device for back support that reduces strain when lifting heavy objects.

Jifeng Sun, one of the authors of the study, emphasized that these artificial muscles could even be used in space—both in devices for astronauts and in robots designed to carry out missions on other planets. This opens up new horizons for the application of robotics in environments where traditional technologies may prove inadequate.